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Yellow Paper

documentation
ethereum

A formal technical specification that defines a protocol's state transition rules, data structures, and execution behavior.

1
definition

A yellow paper is a rigorous specification aimed at implementers and researchers. The best-known example is Ethereum's Yellow Paper, which formally describes the EVM, accounts, gas, and state transitions.

2
comparison

Compared with a whitepaper, a yellow paper is less about marketing and more about precise rules. It may still need to be read alongside living specifications, improvement proposals, and client tests.

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