Finality
consensus
blockchain
Finality is the point at which a transaction is considered irreversible or economically impractical to revert.
1
concept
Finality reflects confidence that a transaction will not be reversed. In proof-of-work chains, finality is probabilistic and increases with confirmations; in BFT-style proof-of-stake systems, finality may be explicit once validators sign a checkpoint.
2
factors
Factors include network hash rate or validator stake, reorg history, bridge dependencies, finality rules, and attacker costs. Economic finality is reached when the cost and risk of reversal exceed the potential gain.
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Related terms
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