Layer-1 refers to the base blockchain layer that provides consensus, data availability, and settlement for transactions and smart contracts.
Layer-1 networks define core rules and consensus. Scalability is achieved via protocol optimizations, larger blocks, or sharding—often trading off resource requirements and decentralization.
"Bitcoin Cash scales L1 with larger blocks and efficient validation to support more on-chain transactions."
"Upgrades at L1 require broad consensus to avoid chain splits."
L1 anchors security for higher layers and cross-chain ecosystems. Bridges connect L1s to move assets and messages, introducing distinct trust and risk models.
"Custodial bridges rely on multisig or committees; trustless bridges use light clients and proofs."
"Final settlement typically occurs on L1 even when activity moves to higher layers."
All terms and definitions may update as the Cryptionary improves.