Multi-Signature (multisig)
security · wallet
A spending policy that requires a defined threshold of several keys or signers.
- Also known as
- multi-sig
Multi-signature (multisig) is a policy requiring a threshold of authorized keys, commonly written m-of-n. It is a spending rule, not necessarily a complete wallet or custody process.
Multisig can reduce single-key theft and loss when keys are generated, stored, and recovered independently. It can also add failure modes through missing configuration data, incompatible wallet software, unavailable cosigners, or several keys kept together.
The on-chain representation varies by network and output type. Some policies reveal every key and threshold when spent; others can use aggregated keys, script trees, or contract logic. Backups may need descriptors or redeem scripts in addition to seed phrases.
Related terms
two-of-three multisignature
→A wallet policy where any two of three independent keys can authorize a spend, balancing redundancy and theft resistance.
wallet · security
Private Key
→Secret cryptographic material used to produce signatures or other authorization proofs.
cryptography · security · wallet
Signature
→A cryptographic proof that a message was authorized by the holder of a private key.
cryptography
Quorum
→The minimum number of participants required to make a decision or validate an action.
governance · security
Self-Custody
→Holding and securing your own private keys instead of relying on an exchange, custodian, or broker.
wallet · security